Publications and Sources

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FFSF Publications

• States v. Congress: A Primer
• Myth of a Runaway Convention
• Why File a Declaratory Judgment
• Aggregation of Plenary Applications
• Excerpts of 40 Applications by 1983
• Arizona Legislature’s Intent to Litigate
• All 60 relevant Applications by 1983
• Collection of 39 Applications by 1979
• Collection of 40 Applications by 1983
• Transcription of 40 Applications by 1983

Scholarly Sources:

• Michael B. Rappaport, Reforming Article V: The Problems Created by the National Convention Amendment Method and How To Fix Them, 96 Va. L. Rev. 1509 (2010).
• Robert G. Natelson, Proposing Constitutional Amendments by Convention: Rules Governing the Process, 78 Tenn. L. Rev. 693, 734–35 (2011).
• Natelson, Robert G. Counting to Two-Thirds: How Close Are We to a Convention for Proposing Amendments to the Constitution? Federalist Society Review, 2018(Counting to Two-Thirds).
• Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice, Constitutional Convention—Limitation of Power to Propose Amendments to the Constitution, No. 79-75 (Oct. 10, 1979), in 3 Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel in Relation to Their Official Duties, 398 (Leon Ulman ed., 1982).
• William W. Van Alstyne, Does Article V Restrict the States to Calling Unlimited Conventions Only?—A Letter to a Colleague, 1978 Duke L.J. 1295 (1978).
• Russell L. Caplan, Constitutional Brinksmanship: Amending the Constitution by National Convention (1988).
• Michael Stokes Paulsen, A General Theory of Article V: The Constitutional Lessons of the Twenty-seventh Amendment, 103 Yale L.J. 677, 723 (1993).
• 1974 American Bar Association Report, Amendment of the Constitution By the Convention Method Under Article V (1974).
• Ronald D. Rotunda & John E. Nowak, Treatise on Constitutional Law: Substance and Procedure § 10.10(b)(iii) (5th ed. 2012).
• Congressional Research Service. The Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress. CRS Report R42589, updated March 29, 2016
• Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives. Is There a Constitutional Convention in America’s Future? Committee Print, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993
• American Legislative Exchange Counsel, Article V Convention Handbook, 2016

Primary Sources:

• U.S. Constitution, Article V.
• The Federalist No. 39 (James Madison). Available at: The Avalon Project.
• The Federalist No. 43 (James Madison). Available at: The Avalon Project.
• The Federalist No. 85 (Alexander Hamilton). Available at: The Avalon Project.
• Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Amendments Proposed by the State Ratifying Conventions. In Bill of Rights, 1787-1788.
• New York State Constitutional Convention. Circular Letter from the Convention of the State of New York to the Executives of the Different States. July 26, 1788. Documented in The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, Vol. XVIII, edited by John P. Kaminski et al., Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 1995
• Letter from George Washington to John Armstrong (April 25, 1788). Available at: Founders Online.
• Massachusettensis, Massachusetts Gazette (Jan. 29, 1788). Reprinted in 5 Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, 831 (1998).
• Tench Coxe, A Pennsylvanian to the New York Convention, Pennsylvania Gazette (June 11, 1788). Reprinted in 20 Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, 1139, 1142–43 (John P. Kaminski et al. eds., 2004).
• Tench Coxe, A Friend of Society and Liberty, Pennsylvania Gazette (July 23, 1788). Reprinted in 18 Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, 277, 283 (1995).

A Selection of Legal Precedent:

• Hollingsworth v. Virginia, 3 U.S. 378 (1798).
• Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803).
• Hawke v. Smith, 253 U.S. 221 (1920).
• Leser v. Garnett, 258 U.S. 130 (1922).
• Crowell v. Benson, 285 U.S. 22 (1932).
• Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939).
• Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969).
• Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997).
• Lexecon Inc. v. Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach, 523 U.S. 26 (1998).
• Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706 (1999).
• Zivotofsky v. Clinton, 566 U.S. 189 (2012).
• Clapper v. Amnesty Int’l USA, 568 U.S. 398 (2013).
• Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, 576 U.S. 787 (2015).
• Chiafalo v Washington, 591 U.S. 578 (2020)
• Carney v. Adams, 141 S. Ct. 493 (2020).

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